Genetic differentiation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the European part of Russia based on RAPD markers

Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD), genetic variation anddifferentiation in four populations of pedunculate oak Quercus robur L. were examined. The populations occupy a large part of the Quercus robur range in the European Russia (Voronezh and Novgorod oblasts; Republics of Mordovia and Bashkortostan). With each of six random primers (A02, A09, A17, B01, B08, B11), 96 DNA samples were analyzed by PCR. In all, 48 putative polymorphic RAPD loci were detected. We failed to reveal population-specific DNA fragments for any primer although the frequencies of 14 fragments were significantly different among populations. The oak populations studied exhibited high variability: 73-90% of genes were polymorphic and the effective allele number was about 1.4. The total genetic variation varied from 0.202 (Vor) to 0.245 (Nov), which corresponded to the estimates for populations of this species from Central and Western Europe. The populations examined showed low among-population differentiation (GST = 0.098); gene flow Nem was 4.61. The proportion of among-population variation of the RAPD loci studied accounted for 7% of the total variability; more than 93% of the total variability was explained by individual and within–population variation.