02459nas a2200289   4500008004100000020001400041245006600055210006600121300001200187490000700199520162900206653002901835653002401864653002301888653002301911653001701934653002001951653001801971653003501989100001702024700002302041700001602064700001302080700001402093700001802107856004402125       2013                        eng d  a1365-294X00aOutlier loci highlight the direction of introgression in oaks0 aOutlier loci highlight the direction of introgression in oaks  a450-4620 v223 aLoci considered to be under selection are generally avoided in attempts to infer past demographic processes as they do not fit neutral model assumptions. However, opportunities to better reconstruct some aspects of past demography might thus be missed. Here we examined genetic differentiation between two sympatric European oak species with contrasting ecological dynamics (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) with both outlier (i.e. loci possibly affected by divergent selection between species or by hitchhiking effects with genomic regions under selection) and nonoutlier loci. We sampled 855 individuals in six mixed forests in France and genotyped them with a set of 262 SNPs enriched with markers showing high interspecific differentiation, resulting in accurate species delimitation. We identified between 13 and 74 interspecific outlier loci, depending on the coalescent simulation models and parameters used. Greater genetic diversity was predicted in Q. petraea (a late-successional species) than in Q. robur (an early successional species) as introgression should theoretically occur predominantly from the resident species to the invading species. Remarkably, this prediction was verified with outlier loci but not with nonoutlier loci. We suggest that the lower effective interspecific gene flow at loci showing high interspecific divergence has better preserved the signal of past asymmetric introgression towards Q. petraea caused by the species' contrasting dynamics. Using markers under selection to reconstruct past demographic processes could therefore have broader potential than generally recognized.10aasymmetric introgression10adivergent selection10agene flow barriers10agenetic assignment10aoutlier loci10aQuercus petraea10aQuercus robur10asingle nucleotide polymorphism1 aGuichoux, E.1 aGarnier-GÉRÉ, P.1 aLagache, L.1 aLang, T.1 aBoury, C.1 aPetit, R., J.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/15401737nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191260002900260300001200289490000700301520097800308653001901286653002001305653002901325653001701354100001701371700001601388700001501404700001401419700001801433856004401451       2011                        eng d  a1755-099800aTwo highly validated multiplexes (12-plex and 8-plex) for species delimitation and parentage analysis in oaks (<i>Quercus </i>spp.)0 aTwo highly validated multiplexes 12plex and 8plex for species de  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a578-5850 v113 aAbstract Multiplex PCR is a fast and cost-effective technique allowing increased genotyping throughput of microsatellites. We developed two multiplexes for Quercus petraea and Q. robur, a 12-plex of EST-SSRs (eSSRs) and an 8-plex of genomic SSRs (gSSRs). We studied the origin of allele calling errors at the human reader and software levels. We showed that the robustness of allele identification can be improved by binning on raw peak sizes prior to genetic data analysis. We checked through simulation the power of these markers for species delimitation and hybrid detection. The resolution achieved with all 20 markers was greatly improved compared to that of previous studies based on a subset of the markers. Preliminary PCR tests suggest that these multiplexes might be useful to study other oak species as well. The strategy used for multiplex microsatellite development (from PCR conditions to the definition of allele calling rules) should be broadly applicable.10amanual binning10amicrosatellites10amolecular identification10aQuercus spp.1 aGuichoux, E.1 aLagache, L.1 aWagner, S.1 aLeger, P.1 aPetit, R., J.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13602338nas a2200217   4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260000900180300001400189490000700203520173100210653001201941100001501953700001601968700001701984700001802001700001602019700001502035700001502050856005502065       2009                        eng d00aSpecies relative abundance and direction of introgression in oaks0 aSpecies relative abundance and direction of introgression in oak  c2009  a2228-22420 v183 aSuccessful hybridisation and subsequent introgression lead to the transfer of genetic material across species boundaries. In this process, species relative abundance can play a significant role. If one species is less abundant than the other, its females will receive many heterospecific gametes, increasing mate-recognition errors and thus hybridisation rate. Moreover, first-generation hybrids will also more likely mate with the more abundant species, leading to asymmetric introgression. These predictions have important fundamental consequences, especially during biological invasions or when a rare species threatened by extinction is surrounded by individuals from a related species. However, experimental tests in nature of the importance of the relative abundance of each species on hybridisation dynamics remain scarce. We assess here the impact of species relative abundance on hybridisation dynamics among four species from the European white oak species complex. A total of 2107 oak trees were genotyped at 10 microsatellite markers and Bayesian clustering methods were used to identify reference trees of each species. We then used these reference trees to simulate purebred and hybrid genotypes to determine optimal threshold for genetic assignment. With this approach, we found widespread evidence of hybridisation between all studied oak species, with high occurrence of hybrids, varying from 11% to 31% according to stand and sampling strategies. This finding suggests that hybridisation is a common phenomenon that plays a significant role in evolution of this oak species complex. In addition, we demonstrate a strong impact of species abundance on both hybridisation rate and introgression directionality.10aQuercus1 aLepais, O.1 aPetit, R.J.1 aGuichoux, E.1 aLavabre, J.E.1 aAlberto, F.1 aKremer, A.1 aGerber, S.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04137.x