02379nas a2200145 4500008004100000020001400041245015900055210006900214300001400283490000700297520184800304100002102152700001602173856004402189 2010 eng d a1365-294X00aRealized gene flow within mixed stands of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) L. revealed at the stage of naturally established seedling0 aRealized gene flow within mixed stands of iQuercus robur iL and  a2137-21510 v193 aThe estimates of contemporary gene flow assessed based on naturally established seedlings provide information much needed for understanding the abilities of forest tree populations to persist under global changes through migration and/or adaptation facilitated by gene exchange among populations. Here, we investigated pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow in two mixed-oak forest stands (consisting of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.). The gene flow parameters were estimated based on microsatellite multilocus genotypes of seedlings and adults and their spatial locations within the sample plots using models that attempt to reconstruct the genealogy of the seedling cohorts. Pollen and seed dispersal were modelled using the standard seedling neighbourhood model and a modification2014the 2-component seedling neighbourhood model, with the later allowing separation of the dispersal process into local and long-distance components. The 2-component model fitted the data substantially better than the standard model and provided estimates of mean seed and pollen dispersal distances accounting for long-distance propagule dispersal. The mean distance of effective pollen dispersal was found to be 298 and 463 m, depending on the stand, while the mean distance of effective seed dispersal was only 8.8 and 15.6 m, which is consistent with wind pollination and primarily seed dispersal by gravity in Quercus. Some differences observed between the two stands could be attributed to the differences in the stand structure of the adult populations and the existing understory vegetation. Such a mixture of relatively limited seed dispersal with occasional long distance gene flow seems to be an efficient strategy for colonizing new habitats with subsequent local adaptation, while maintaining genetic diversity within populations.1 aChybicki, I., J.1 aBurczyk, J. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12202106nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260002100223300001400244490000700258520160600265100002401871700002101895856004401916 2010 eng d00aPollen-mediated gene flow in isolated and continuous stands of bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae)0 aPollenmediated gene flow in isolated and continuous stands of bu cDecember 1, 2010 a1999-20060 v973 a* Premise of the study: Pollination patterns determine the reproductive neighborhood size of plants, the connectivity of populations, and the impacts of habitat fragmentation. We characterized pollination in three populations of Quercus macrocarpa occurring in a highly altered landscape in northeastern Illinois to determine whether isolated remnant stands were reproductively isolated. * Methods: We used microsatellites to genotype all adults and 787 acorns from two isolated savanna remnants and a stand in an old-growth forest. One isolated remnant occurred in a highly urbanized/industrialized landscape, and one occurred in an agricultural landscape. Parentage assignment was used to assess pollen-mediated gene flow. * Key results: Pollen donors from outside the study sites accounted for between 46% and 53% of paternities and did not differ significantly among sites, indicating that similar high levels of gene flow occurred at all three sites. Within stands, the mean pollination distance ranged from 42 to 70 meters, and when accounting for outside pollinations, mean pollination distances were well over 100 meters. Genetic diversity of incoming pollen was extremely high in all three stands. The number of effective pollen donors, Nep, calculated from paternity assignment was higher than that estimated by an indirect correlated paternity approach. * Conclusions: Our findings indicate that extremely isolated stands of oaks are unlikely to be genetically and reproductively isolated, and remnant stands may contribute to maintaining genetic connectivity in highly modified landscapes.1 aCraft, Kathleen, J.1 aAshley, Mary, V. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12301974nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000700221520153000228100001701758700002101775856004401796 2010 eng d00aThe oaks of western Eurasia: Traditional classifications and evidence from two nuclear markers0 aoaks of western Eurasia Traditional classifications and evidence a351-3660 v593 aPhylogenetic relationships among species of Quercus (oaks) from western Eurasia including the western part of the Himalayas are examined for the first time. Based on ITS and 5S-IGS data three major infrageneric groups are recognized for western Eurasia: the cerroid, iliciod, and roburoid oaks. While individuals of the cerroid and ilicoid groups cluster according to their species, particularly in the 5S-IGS analyses, individuals of species of roburoid oaks do not cluster with exception of Quercus pontica. The Cypriot endemic Quercus alnifolia belongs to the ilicoid oaks, in contrast to traditional views placing it within the cerroid oaks. Based on all ITS data available, the groups identified for western Eurasia can be integrated into a global infrageneric framework for Quercus. The Ilex group is resurrected as a well-defined group that comprises taxa traditionally placed into six subsections of Q. sects. Cerris and Lepidobalanus (white oaks) sensu Camus. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest two major lineages within Quercus, each consisting of three infrageneric groups. Within the first lineage, the Quercus group (roburoid oaks in western Eurasia) and the Lobatae group evolved by “budding” as is reflected by incomplete lineage sorting, high variability within groups, and low differentiation among groups. The groups of the second lineage, including the Cyclobalanopsis, Cerris (cerroid oaks in western Eurasia), and Ilex (ilicoid oaks in western Eurasia) groups, evolved in a more tree-like fashion. 1 aDenk, Thomas1 aGrimm, Guido, W. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12401825nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260002100219300001200240490000700252520130200259100001701561700002401578700002101602856004401623 2010 eng d00aEpisodic migration of oaks to Iceland: Evidence for a North Atlantic "land bridge" in the latest Miocene0 aEpisodic migration of oaks to Iceland Evidence for a North Atlan cFebruary 1, 2010 a276-2870 v973 aDating the subsidence history of the North Atlantic Land Bridge (NALB) is crucial for understanding intercontinental disjunctions of northern temperate trees. Traditionally, the NALB has been assumed to have functioned as a corridor for plant migration only during the early Cenozoic, but recent findings of plant fossils and inferences from molecular studies are challenging this view. Here, we report dispersed pollen of Quercus from Late Miocene sediments in Iceland that shows affinities with extant northern hemispheric white oaks and North American red oaks. Older (15 to 10 Ma) sediments do not contain pollen of Quercus suggesting it arrived after that time. Pollen from the 9-8 Ma Hrutagil locality is indistinguishable from morphotypes common among white and red oaks. In contrast, pollen from the 5.5 Ma Selargil locality has a tectum that is at present confined to North American white and red oaks, indicating a second episode of migration to Iceland. These findings suggest that transatlantic migration of temperate plant taxa may not have been limited by vast areas of sea or by cold climates during the Miocene. Furthermore, our results offer a plausible explanation for the remarkably low degree of genetic differentiation between modern disjunct European and North American oaks.1 aDenk, Thomas1 aGrimsson, Frithgeir1 aZetter, Reinhard uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12500428nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142100002100211700002100232700002100253856004400274 2010 eng d00aWho am I this time? The affinities and misbehaviors of Hill's oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis)0 aWho am I this time The affinities and misbehaviors of Hills oak 1 aHipp, Andrew, L.1 aWeber, Jaime, A.1 aSrivastava, Alka uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12600532nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010800041210007200149300000800221490000700229100002800236700003100264700002300295700002400318856004400342 2010 eng d00aMorfología y comportamiento meiótico en el híbrido naturalQuercus glabrescens x Q. rugosa (Fagaceae)0 aMorfología y comportamiento meiótico en el híbrido naturalQuercu a1710 v161 aNuñez-Castillo, S., M.1 aÁlvarez-Moctezuma, J., G.1 aZavala-Chávez, F.1 aEspinosa-Robles, P. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12700455nas a2200085 4500008004100000245019700041210006900238100001800307856004400325 2010 eng d00aDetermination of drought tolerance and heredity of Quercus series Virentes in Texas. Specifically, Quercus virginiana and Quercus fusiformis accessions for adaptation to demanding environments0 aDetermination of drought tolerance and heredity of Quercus serie1 aPurnell, A.L. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12802787nas a2200277 4500008004100000020001400041245015100055210006900206260002900275300001400304490000700318520186300325653004302188653001902231653002102250653002802271653002302299100002302322700002102345700002102366700001602387700002202403700001902425700002102444856004402465 2010 eng d a1365-294X00aGene movement and genetic association with regional climate gradients in California valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) in the face of climate change0 aGene movement and genetic association with regional climate grad bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a3806-38230 v193 aAbstract Rapid climate change jeopardizes tree populations by shifting current climate zones. To avoid extinction, tree populations must tolerate, adapt, or migrate. Here we investigate geographic patterns of genetic variation in valley oak, Quercus lobata Née, to assess how underlying genetic structure of populations might influence this species’ ability to survive climate change. First, to understand how genetic lineages shape spatial genetic patterns, we examine historical patterns of colonization. Second, we examine the correlation between multivariate nuclear genetic variation and climatic variation. Third, to illustrate how geographic genetic variation could interact with regional patterns of 21st Century climate change, we produce region-specific bioclimatic distributions of valley oak using Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) models based on downscaled historical (1971–2000) and future (2070–2100) climate grids. Future climatologies are based on a moderate-high (A2) carbon emission scenario and two different global climate models. Chloroplast markers indicate historical range-wide connectivity via colonization, especially in the north. Multivariate nuclear genotypes show a strong association with climate variation that provides opportunity for local adaptation to the conditions within their climatic envelope. Comparison of regional current and projected patterns of climate suitability indicates that valley oaks grow in distinctly different climate conditions in different parts of their range. Our models predict widely different regional outcomes from local displacement of a few kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. We conclude that the relative importance of migration, adaptation, and tolerance are likely to vary widely for populations among regions, and that late 21st Century conditions could lead to regional extinctions.10achloroplast and nuclear microsatellite10aclimate change10aclimate envelope10aenvironmental gradients10alandscape genetics1 aSork, Victoria, L.1 aDavis, Frank, W.1 aWestfall, Robert1 aFlint, Alan1 aIkegami, Makihiko1 aWang, Hongfang1 aGrivet, Delphine uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/12904336nas a2200601 4500008004100000020004600041245012200087210006900209300000800278490000700286520258000293653001802873653002102891653003502912653001902947653002802966653001702994653002603011653003603037653002203073653004503095653002203140653003903162653003603201653003603237653001303273653002403286653001603310653002003326100001303346700001903359700001403378700001403392700001503406700002103421700001403442700001403456700001503470700001403485700001603499700001503515700001503530700001403545700001503559700001403574700001903588700001603607700001603623700002003639700001503659700001603674856004403690 2010 eng d a1471-2164 (Electronic)1471-2164 (Linking)00aBioinformatic analysis of ESTs collected by Sanger and pyrosequencing methods for a keystone forest tree species: oak0 aBioinformatic analysis of ESTs collected by Sanger and pyroseque a6500 v113 aBACKGROUND: The Fagaceae family comprises about 1,000 woody species worldwide. About half belong to the Quercus family. These oaks are often a source of raw material for biomass wood and fiber. Pedunculate and sessile oaks, are among the most important deciduous forest tree species in Europe. Despite their ecological and economical importance, very few genomic resources have yet been generated for these species. Here, we describe the development of an EST catalogue that will support ecosystem genomics studies, where geneticists, ecophysiologists, molecular biologists and ecologists join their efforts for understanding, monitoring and predicting functional genetic diversity. RESULTS: We generated 145,827 sequence reads from 20 cDNA libraries using the Sanger method. Unexploitable chromatograms and quality checking lead us to eliminate 19,941 sequences. Finally a total of 125,925 ESTs were retained from 111,361 cDNA clones. Pyrosequencing was also conducted for 14 libraries, generating 1,948,579 reads, from which 370,566 sequences (19.0%) were eliminated, resulting in 1,578,192 sequences. Following clustering and assembly using TGICL pipeline, 1,704,117 EST sequences collapsed into 69,154 tentative contigs and 153,517 singletons, providing 222,671 non-redundant sequences (including alternative transcripts). We also assembled the sequences using MIRA and PartiGene software and compared the three unigene sets. Gene ontology annotation was then assigned to 29,303 unigene elements. Blast search against the SWISS-PROT database revealed putative homologs for 32,810 (14.7%) unigene elements, but more extensive search with Pfam, Refseq_protein, Refseq_RNA and eight gene indices revealed homology for 67.4% of them. The EST catalogue was examined for putative homologs of candidate genes involved in bud phenology, cuticle formation, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis and cell wall formation. Our results suggest a good coverage of genes involved in these traits. Comparative orthologous sequences (COS) with other plant gene models were identified and allow to unravel the oak paleo-history. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were searched, resulting in 52,834 SSRs and 36,411 SNPs. All of these are available through the Oak Contig Browser http://genotoul-contigbrowser.toulouse.inra.fr:9092/Quercus_robur/index.html. CONCLUSIONS: This genomic resource provides a unique tool to discover genes of interest, study the oak transcriptome, and develop new markers to investigate functional diversity in natural populations.10aBase Sequence10aCluster Analysis10aComputational Biology/ methods10aContig Mapping10aExpressed Sequence Tags10aGene Library10aGenes, Plant/genetics10aMicrosatellite Repeats/genetics10aPeptides/genetics10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics10aQuercus/ genetics10aRNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism10aSequence Analysis, DNA/ methods10aSequence Homology, Nucleic Acid10aSoftware10aSpecies Specificity10aTemperature10aTrees/ genetics1 aUeno, S.1 aLe Provost, G.1 aLeger, V.1 aKlopp, C.1 aNoirot, C.1 aFrigerio, J., M.1 aSalin, F.1 aSalse, J.1 aAbrouk, M.1 aMurat, F.1 aBrendel, O.1 aDerory, J.1 aAbadie, P.1 aLeger, P.1 aCabane, C.1 aBarre, A.1 ade Daruvar, A.1 aCouloux, A.1 aWincker, P.1 aReviron, M., P.1 aKremer, A.1 aPlomion, C. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13002295nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260003000171300001100201490000600212520178700218100001802005700001802023700002102041700001902062856004402081 2010 eng d00aExploring Species Limits in Two Closely Related Chinese Oaks0 aExploring Species Limits in Two Closely Related Chinese Oaks bPublic Library of Science ae155290 v53 aBackground

The species status of two closely related Chinese oaks, Quercus liaotungensis and Q. mongolica, has been called into question. The objective of this study was to investigate the species status and to estimate the degree of introgression between the two taxa using different approaches.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using SSR (simple sequence repeat) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers, we found that interspecific genetic differentiation is significant and higher than the differentiation among populations within taxa. Bayesian clusters, principal coordinate analysis and population genetic distance trees all classified the oaks into two main groups consistent with the morphological differentiation of the two taxa rather than with geographic locations using both types of markers. Nevertheless, a few individuals in Northeast China and many individuals in North China have hybrid ancestry according to Bayesian assignment. One SSR locus and five AFLPs are significant outliers against neutral expectations in the interspecific FST simulation analysis, suggesting a role for divergent selection in differentiating species.

Main Conclusions/Significance

All results based on SSRs and AFLPs reached the same conclusion: Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica maintain distinct gene pools in most areas of sympatry. They should therefore be considered as discrete taxonomic units. Yet, the degree of introgression varies between the two species in different contact zones, which might be caused by different population history or by local environmental factors.

1 aZeng, Yan-Fei1 aLiao, Wan-Jin1 aPetit, Rémy, J.1 aZhang, Da-Yong uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/131