00510nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000900214300001400223490000600237100001400243700001600257700001800273700001800291856004300309       2007                        eng d00aGenetic variation and differentiation within a natural community of five oak species (Quercus spp.)0 aGenetic variation and differentiation within a natural community  c2007  a116 - 1260 v91 aCurtu, A.1 aGailing, O.1 aLeinemann, L.1 aFinkeldey, R.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/2101781nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000900217300001200226490000700238520107900245653001901324100002101343700000501364700001601369700001801385700001801403700001701421700001801438700001201456856008301468       2007                        eng d00aMulti-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean0 aMultimarker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant   c2007  a1209-9E0 v563 aNuclear (AFLPs and ITSs) and chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA) were analysed in Quercus suber L., Q. ilex L. and Q. coccifera L. in order to detect vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean Basin populations. Clustering methods, i.e., parsimony, minimum spanning network, UPGMA and PCO, were used to obtain robust phylogenies. The Mantel test was used to check the geographic structure of the populations. Nuclear markers’ based phylogenies showed high bootstrap values at basal nodes of clusters indicative of species. Within species, Q. suber and Q. ilex showed three and two groups respectively with strong geographic structure for cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. In contrast, Q. coccifera had overlapping cpDNA lineages and nuclear markers did not show any group with strong geographic structure. Taxonomic assignation of the species was well-supported by our data. Ongoing allopatric speciation was inferred for Q. suber and Q. ilex derived from Pliocene vicariant events. Quercus coccifera showed a more homogeneous genetic pattern in the Western Mediterranean.10aAFLP phylogeny1 ade Heredia, U.L.1 a1 aCollada, C.1 aSIMEONE, M.C.1 aBELLAROSA, R.1 aSCHIRONE, B.1 aCervera, M.T.1 aGil, L.  uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2007/00000056/00000004/art0001602782nas a2200265   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000900217300001200226490000800238520201600246653002602262653001702288653002102305653001802326653001602344653001002360653001602370100001802386700001802404700001802422700001602440700001702456856004302473       2007                        eng d00aThe naturally occurring historical and extant flora of Central Park, New York City, New York 1857-20070 anaturally occurring historical and extant flora of Central Park   c2007  a552-5690 v1343 aThis vascular flora of Central Park, New York County, New York State is based upon field work by the authors in 2006-2007 combined with three 19th century plant lists, and specimens held at metropolitan herbaria collected from 1885-2006. Altogether, 106 families, 351 genera, and 583 species are reported. The largest family in Central Park in both the historical (1857 to 1910) and modern period (1985 to 2007) is the Asteraceae. The largest genera are Polygonum, Quercus, and Aster. Analyses of the ecological characteristics of the historical flora show that species indicative of riparian areas including ponds, swamps, wet meadows and woods, were formerly common in the area that was developed into Central Park. Twenty-one species would have special New York State Natural Heritage Program designations if they were extant today. In the 19th and early 20th century, native plant species (255; 74%) far exceeded non-natives (91; 26%) in Central Park. However, 70% (178) of the native plants recorded in the historical time period have been extirpated. Most extirpated native species were herbaceous plants (111; 62%), and were significantly more likely to prefer wet meadows and woods than drier habitats. By comparison, in our field work in 2006-2007 and examination of BBG and NYBG plant collections, we found 362 species, most of which were non-native plants (217; 60%). Three species we collected have special status designations in New York State: Eclipta prostrata, Eupatorium serotinum, and Ptelea trifoliata. We recommend the continuation of native plant restoration efforts in Central Park, with an emphasis upon re-establishing herbaceous species characteristic of meadows, open woodlands and riparian areas, as well as increasing the diversity and number of Quercus spp. in the forest. Combined with educational outreach that calls to attention the environmental history of Central Park, much can be done to make people aware of the significant role urban areas can play in conservation efforts.10abiotic homogenization10aCentral Park10ahistorical flora10aNew York City10arestoration10aurban10aUrban flora1 aDeCandido, R.1 aCalvanese, N.1 aAlvarez, R.V.1 aBrown, M.I.1 aNelson, T.M.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/2302535nas a2200229   4500008004100000245017900041210006900220260000900289300001200298490000700310520178800317653002002105653002002125653001802145653001802163653001902181100001502200700001602215700001602231700001502247856004302262       2007                        eng d00aPhylogeographic structure and late Quaternary population history of the Japanese oak Quercus mongolica var. crispula and related species revealed by chloroplast DNA variation0 aPhylogeographic structure and late Quaternary population history  c2007  a465-4770 v823 aGenerally, oaks dominate the broadleaf deciduous forests in Japan. The genetic variation in 6 cpDNA regions (trnT-trnL, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, and trnH-psbA speacers, trnL intron, and matK gene) with regard to the Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) and 3 related species in the section Prinus (Q. serrata, Q. dentata and Q. aliena) was investigated in 598 trees belonging to 44 populations distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago. Additional samples were collected from Korea, China, and Russia (Sakhalin). Thirteen haplotypes (I to XIII) were identified on the bases of 15 nucleotide substitutions and 3 indels. Haplotypes I and II were discovered in northeastern Japan, whereas haplotypes III to IX were distributed in southwestern Japan. The boundary distinguishing these 2 groups was located in central Japan coincident with the Itoigawa-Shzuoka tectonic line. Haplotype I was also found in Sakhalin, whereas haplotypes VI, VII, VIII, X, XI, XII, and XIII were found in Korea and China. Four oak species in the same location shared identical haplotypes, suggesting cpDNA introgression by occasional hybridization. Both the values of total haplotype diversity (HT) and haplotype diversity within populations (HS) in Q. mongolica var. crispula were higher in the southwestern populations than in the northeastern populations. A haplotype network indicated that haplotype VI is the ancestral haplotype. The presence of identical haplotypes in Korea, China, and Japan suggested that the haplotypes diversified on the Eurasian continent before the last glacial period. The difference in genetic structure between the northeastern and southwestern regions indicates a difference in the history of migration and recolonization in Japan during the last glacial period.10acpDNA haplotype10aglacial periods10aintrogression10aJapanese oaks10aphylogeography1 aOkaura, T.1 aQuang, N.D.1 aUbukata, M.1 aHarada, K.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/2401160nas a2200181   4500008004100000245004400041210004400085260000900129300001200138490000700150520070000157100001600857700001700873700001300890700001600903700001600919856004300935       2007                        eng d00aPresence of Triploids among Oak Species0 aPresence of Triploids among Oak Species  c2007  a959-9640 v993 aBackground and Aims: Polyploids, organisms that have multiple sets of chromosomes, are common in certain plant and animal taxa. However, there are only a few reports of intraspecific ploidy variation within the genus Quercus. The aim of the study was to investigate the suspected ploidy level of two oaks that have unusual microsatellite banding patterns.Methods: Polyploidy was investigated by using microsatellite analysis, stomata length measurements and nuclear DNA content estimation by flow cytometry. Key Results: Each putative triploid tree has patterns of microsatellite variation unexpected for diploid genomes, with up to three alleles at some loci, significantly longer stomata and 11 aDzialuk, A.1 aChybicki, I.1 aWelc, M.1 aliwiska, E.1 aBurczyk, J.  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/2502789nas a2200181   4500008004100000245016100041210006900202260000900271300001200280490000700292520215600299100001602455700001802471700001602489700002002505700001802525856006402543       2007                        eng d00aCoincidence of Small-scale Spatial Discontinuities in Leaf Morphology and Nuclear Microsatellite Variation of Quercus petraea and Q. robur in a Mixed Forest0 aCoincidence of Smallscale Spatial Discontinuities in Leaf Morpho  c2007  a713-7220 v993 aBackground and AimsThe taxon complex comprising Quercus petraea and Q. robur shows distinct morphologies and ecological preferences, but mostly low differentiation in various types of molecular markers at a broad spatial range. Local, spatially explicit analyses may reveal patterns induced by microevolutionary processes operating mainly over short distances. However, no attempts have been made to date to explore the potential of spatial analyses combining morphological and genetic data of these oaks. Methods A mixed oak stand was studied to elucidate the small-scale population genetic structure. All adult individuals were classified and putative hybrids were identified using multivariate discrimination analysis of leaf morphological characters. Likewise, all trees were genotyped with five nuclear microsatellites, and a Bayesian assignment method was applied based on maximum likelihood of multilocus genotypes for taxon and putative hybrid classification. Key Results Multivariate analyses of leaf morphological data recognized two groups with few individuals as putative hybrids. These groups were significantly differentiated at the five microsatellites, and genetic taxon assignment coincided well with morphological classification. Furthermore, most putative hybrids were assigned to the taxon found in their spatial neighbourhood. When grouping trees into clusters according to their spatial positions, these clusters were clearly dominated by one taxon. Discontinuities in morphological and genetic distance matrices among these clusters showed high congruence. Conclusions The spatial-genetic analyses and the available literature led to the assumption that reproductive barriers, assortative mating, limited seed dispersal and microsite-induced selection in favour of the locally adapted taxon at the juvenile stage may reinforce taxon-specific spatial aggregation that fosters species separation. Thus, the results tend to support the hypothesis that Q. petraea and Q. robur are distinct taxa which share a recent common ancestry. Occasional hybrids are rarely found in adults owing to selection during establishment of juveniles.1 aGugerli, F.1 aWalser, J.-C.1 aDounavi, K.1 aHolderegger, R.1 aFinkeldey, R.  uhttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/4/71302296nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260000900239300001400248490000700262520159000269100001401859700001701873700001801890700001801908700001901926700001701945700001801962700002001980856007802000       2007                        eng d00aThe distribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean0 adistribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the  c2007  a5259-52660 v163 aAbstract Combining molecular analyses with geological and palaeontological data may reveal timing and modes for the divergence of lineages within species. The Mediterranean Basin is particularly appropriate for this kind of multidisciplinary studies, because of its complex geological history and biological diversity. Here, we investigated chloroplast DNA of Quercus suber populations in order to detect possible relationships between their geographical distribution and the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean domain. We analysed 110 cork oak populations, covering the whole distribution range of the species, by 14 chloroplast microsatellite markers, among which eight displayed variation among populations. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Results demonstrated that cork oak populations have undergone a genetic drift geographically consistent with the Oligocene and Miocene break-up events of the European-Iberian continental margin and suggested that they have persisted in a number of separate microplates, currently found in Tunisia, Sardinia, Corsica, and Provence, without detectable chloroplast DNA modifications for a time span of over 15 million years. A similar distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA of Pinus pinaster supports the hypothesis of such long-term persistence, in spite of Quaternary climate oscillations and of isolation due to insularity, and suggests that part of the modern geographical structure of Mediterranean populations may be traced back to the Tertiary history of taxa.1 aMAGRI, D.1 aFINESCHI, S.1 aBELLAROSA, R.1 aBUONAMICI, A.1 aSEBASTIANI, F.1 aSCHIRONE, B.1 aSIMEONE, M.C.1 aVendramin, G.G.  uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03587.x02668nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000900210300000800219490000600227520218000233100001402413700001602427700001802443856004902461       2007                        eng d00aEvidence for hybridization and introgression within a species-rich oak (Quercus spp.) community0 aEvidence for hybridization and introgression within a speciesric  c2007  a2180 v73 aBACKGROUND:Analysis of interspecific gene flow is crucial for the understanding of speciation processes and maintenance of species integrity. Oaks (genus Quercus, Fagaceae) are among the model species for the study of hybridization. Natural co-occurrence of four closely related oak species is a very rare case in the temperate forests of Europe. We used both morphological characters and genetic markers to characterize hybridization in a natural community situated in west-central Romania and which consists of Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, and Q. frainetto, respectively.RESULTS:On the basis of pubescence and leaf morphological characters  94% of the sampled individuals were assigned to pure species. Only 16 ( 6%) individual trees exhibited intermediate morphologies or a combination of characters of different species. Four chloroplast DNA haplotypes were identified in the study area. The distribution of haplotypes within the white oak complex showed substantial differences among species. However, the most common haplotypes were present in all four species. Furthermore, based on a set of 7 isozyme and 6 microsatellite markers and using a Bayesian admixture analysis without any a priori information on morphology we found that four genetic clusters best fit the data. There was a very good correspondence of each species with one of the inferred genetic clusters. The estimated introgression level varied markedly between pairs of species ranging from 1.7% between Q. robur and Q. frainetto to 16.2% between Q. pubescens and Q. frainetto. Only nine individuals (3.4%) appeared to be first-generation hybrids.CONCLUSION:Our data indicate that natural hybridization has occurred at relatively low rates. The different levels of gene flow among species might be explained by differences in flowering time and spatial position within the stand. In addition, a partial congruence between phenotypically and genetically intermediate individuals was found, suggesting that intermediate appearance does not necessarily mean hybridization. However, it appears that natural hybridization did not seriously affect the species identity in this area of sympatry.1 aCurtu, A.1 aGailing, O.1 aFinkeldey, R.  uhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/218