01121nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143300001400212490000700226520059300233100002900826700002000855700002300875856006500898 2011 eng d a1055-317700aQuercus delgadoana (Fagaceae), a New Species from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico0 aQuercus delgadoana Fagaceae a New Species from the Sierra Madre  a274–2770 v213 a

.  Quercus delgadoana S. Valencia, Nixon & L. M. Kelly (Fagaceae), a new species from the states of Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, is described and illustrated. We discuss its morphological similarity to Q. eugeniifolia Liebm., Q. sapotifolia Liebm., Q. salicifolia Née, Q. laurina Bonpl., and Q. affinis Scheidw., with which it shares narrowly lanceolate leaves and fasciculate stipitate trichomes in the axils of the secondary veins on the underside of the lamina. A dichotomous key is provided to distinguish these species.

1 aAvalos, Susana, Valencia1 aNixon, Kevin, C1 aKelly, Lawrence, M uhttp://www.bioone.org.proxy.uchicago.edu/doi/10.3417/200905401691nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001400206490000700220520098700227653001201214653003201226653001401258653001101272653002801283100002301311700003801334700002501372700003201397856004401429 2011 eng d00aThe taxonomic status of the Mexican oak Quercus undata (Fagaceae, Quercus, section Quercus)0 ataxonomic status of the Mexican oak Quercus undata Fagaceae Quer a1123-11310 v823 a

Quercus undata Trel. (Fagaceae, Quercus, Section Quercus) has a complex taxonomic and nomenclatural history. Intensive sampling of oaks at the type locality of Q. undata Trel. in Durango, Mexico and evaluation of herbarium specimens and plants in the field indicate that Q. undata represents variation in Quercus chihuahuensis Trel. in white oak communities where introgressive hybridization among Q. chihuahuensis, Q. grisea Liebm., and a third white oak, Q. arizonica Sarg. made species identification difficult. Endlich’s type specimen of Q. undata, as designated by Trelease, was apparently destroyed in bombing raids on Berlin during World War II, and we propose herein as lectotype the Trelease illustration of the type. An epitype is also designated in support of the lectotype, given that some features cannot be critically observed on the illustration. The long peduncles of the specimen illustrated by Trelease indicate a close relation to Q. chihuahuensis.

10aepitype10aintrogressive hybridization10alectotype10aMexico10aSierra Madre Occidental1 aBacon, Jeffrey, R.1 aDávila-Aranda, Patricia, Dolores1 aSpellenberg, Richard1 aGonzález-Elizondo, Socorro uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/17902222nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245017800055210006900233260002900302300001000331520122500341653002301566653002601589653003301615653002401648653002001672653001801692653002701710100001501737700001601752700001801768700001501786700001801801700001901819700001501838700002301853856004401876 2011 eng d a1420-910100aStrength, diversity and plasticity of postmating reproductive barriers between two hybridizing oak species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl.)0 aStrength diversity and plasticity of postmating reproductive bar bBlackwell Publishing Ltd ano-no3 aVery little is known about the nature and strength of reproductive isolation (RI) in Quercus species, despite extensive research on the estimation and evolutionary significance of hybridization rates. We characterized postmating pre- and postzygotic RI between two hybridizing oak species, Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, using a large set of controlled crosses between different genotypes. Various traits potentially associated with reproductive barriers were quantified at several life history stages, from pollen–pistil interactions to seed set and progeny fitness-related traits. Results indicate strong intrinsic postmating prezygotic barriers, with significant barriers also at the postzygotic level, but relatively weaker extrinsic barriers on early hybrid fitness measures assessed in controlled conditions. Using general linear modelling of common garden data with clonal replicates, we showed that most traits exhibited important genotypic differences, as well as different levels of sensitivity to micro-environmental heterogeneity. These new findings suggest a large potential genetic diversity and plasticity of reproductive barriers and are confronted with hybridization evidence in these oak species.10acontrolled crosses10aecological speciation10apollen–pistil interactions10aprezygotic barriers10aQuercus petraea10aQuercus robur10areproductive isolation1 aAbadie, P.1 aRoussel, G.1 aDencausse, B.1 aBonnet, C.1 aBertocchi, E.1 aLouvet, J., M.1 aKremer, A.1 aGarnier-GÉRÉ, P. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13203959nas a2200277 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181490000700250520301000257653002003267653003003287653002003317653002303337653002003360653001903380653002803399653003103427653004403458653001403502100002903516700003203545700002103577700001803598700002103616856004403637 2011 eng d00aPhylogeography and climatic niche evolution in live oaks (Quercus series Virentes) from the tropics to the temperate zone0 aPhylogeography and climatic niche evolution in live oaks iQuercu0 v383 aAim: We investigated the phylogeography, geographic variation in leaf morphology, freezingtolerance and climatic niches of two widespread evergreen sister oak species (Quercus) in theseries Virentes to gain insight into 1) the historical biogeographic explanations for populationgenetic structure and leaf morphological variation, and 2) the influence of genetically-basedvariation in freezing tolerance within and between species on climatic range limits and geneflow, and 3) to examine the evidence for contrasting impacts of Pleistocene glacial cycles ongenetic structure and diversity in tropical and temperate regions.Location: Southeastern U.S., Mexico and Central AmericaMethods: Nuclear microsatellites, non-recombining nuclear sequences within ITS and NIA-i3and chloroplast DNA sequences were obtained from samples collected throughout the range oftwo sister lineages of live oaks, represented by Quercus virginiana in the temperate zone andQuercus oleoides in the tropics. Divergence times were estimated for the two major geographicand genetic breaks. Differentiation in leaf morphology, analyzed from field specimens, wascompared to the molecular data. Freezing sensitivities of Q. virginiana and Q. oleoidespopulations were assessed in a common garden under controlled tropical and temperate climatesand compared to minimum temperature climatic niches for each species.Results: The geographic break between Q. virginiana and Q. oleoides was associated withstrong genetic differentiation of possible Miocene origin and with differentiation in freezingsensitivity, climatic envelopes and leaf morphology. A second important geographic and geneticbreak within Q. oleoides between Costa Rica and the rest of Central America showed aPleistocene divergence time and no differentiation in leaf morphology. Population geneticdifferentiation was greater but genetic diversity was lower within temperate Q. virginianacompared to tropical Q. oleoides, and genetic breaks largely corresponded to breaks in leafmorphology.Main Conclusions: Two major breaks, one between Mexico and the U.S. at the speciesboundary, and a more recent one within Q. oleoides between Honduras and Costa Rica implicateclimatic changes as potential causes. The latter break may be associated with formation of theCordillera Guanacaste followed by seasonal changes in precipitation. In the former case, an “outof the tropics” scenario is hypothesized, in which acquisition of freezing tolerance in Q.virginiana permitted colonization of and expansion in the temperate zone while differences inclimatic tolerances between the species limited secondary contact. More pronounced Pleistocenechanges in climate and sea level in the southeastern U.S. relative to Central America may explainthe greater population differentiation within temperate Q. virginiana and greater genetic diversityin tropical Q. oleoides. These patterns are predicted to hold for other taxa that span temperateand tropical zones of North and Middle America10aCentral America10achloroplast DNA sequences10aclimatic niches10afreezing tolerance10aleaf morphology10aNIA-i3 and ITS10anuclear microsatellites10aPleistocene glacial cycles10arise, unglaciated eastern North America10asea level1 aCavender-Bares, Jeannine1 aGonzalez-Rodriguez, Antonio1 aPahlich, Annette1 aKoehler, Kari1 aDeacon, Nicholas uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13501737nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191260002900260300001200289490000700301520097800308653001901286653002001305653002901325653001701354100001701371700001601388700001501404700001401419700001801433856004401451 2011 eng d a1755-099800aTwo highly validated multiplexes (12-plex and 8-plex) for species delimitation and parentage analysis in oaks (Quercus spp.)0 aTwo highly validated multiplexes 12plex and 8plex for species de bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a578-5850 v113 aAbstract Multiplex PCR is a fast and cost-effective technique allowing increased genotyping throughput of microsatellites. We developed two multiplexes for Quercus petraea and Q. robur, a 12-plex of EST-SSRs (eSSRs) and an 8-plex of genomic SSRs (gSSRs). We studied the origin of allele calling errors at the human reader and software levels. We showed that the robustness of allele identification can be improved by binning on raw peak sizes prior to genetic data analysis. We checked through simulation the power of these markers for species delimitation and hybrid detection. The resolution achieved with all 20 markers was greatly improved compared to that of previous studies based on a subset of the markers. Preliminary PCR tests suggest that these multiplexes might be useful to study other oak species as well. The strategy used for multiplex microsatellite development (from PCR conditions to the definition of allele calling rules) should be broadly applicable.10amanual binning10amicrosatellites10amolecular identification10aQuercus spp.1 aGuichoux, E.1 aLagache, L.1 aWagner, S.1 aLeger, P.1 aPetit, R., J. uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13602231nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210007100199260002900270300001000299520145500309653002301764653001601787653001401803653002801817653001401845653003201859100001801891700001901909700002901928856004401957 2011 eng d a1469-813700aEvidence for a freezing tolerance–growth rate trade-off in the live oaks (Quercus series Virentes) across the tropical–temperate divide0 aEvidence for a freezing tolerance–growth rate tradeoff in the li bBlackwell Publishing Ltd ano-no3 a* •It has long been hypothesized that species are limited to the north by minimum temperature and to the south by competition, resulting in a trade-off between freezing tolerance and growth rate. We investigated the extent to which the climatic origins of populations from four live oak species (Quercus series Virentes) were associated with freezing tolerance and growth rate, and whether species fitted a model of locally adapted populations, each with narrow climatic tolerances, or of broadly adapted populations with wide climatic tolerances. * •Acorns from populations of four species across a tropical–temperate gradient were grown under common tropical and temperate conditions. Growth rate, seed mass, and leaf and stem freezing traits were compared with source minimum temperatures. * •Maximum growth rates under tropical conditions were negatively correlated with freezing tolerance under temperate conditions. The minimum source temperature predicted the freezing tolerance of populations under temperate conditions. The tropical species Q. oleoides was differentiated from the three temperate species, and variation among species was greater than among populations. * •The trade-off between freezing tolerance and growth rate supports the range limit hypothesis. Limited variation within species indicates that the distributions of species may be driven more strongly by broad climatic factors than by highly local conditions.10afreezing tolerance10agrowth rate10alive oaks10aQuercus series Virentes10atrade-off10atropical–temperate divide1 aKoehler, Kari1 aCenter, Alyson1 aCavender-Bares, Jeannine uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13702668nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245011700055210006900172260002900241300001000270490000700280520188600287653001802173653001702191653001002208653001202218653002202230100002102252700002302273700002602296700002302322700002502345856004402370 2011 eng d a1755-099800aProspects of barcoding the Italian wild dendroflora: oaks reveal severe limitations to tracking species identity0 aProspects of barcoding the Italian wild dendroflora oaks reveal  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a72-830 v113 aDNA barcoding may be particularly important in influencing ecology, economic issues, and the fundamental crisis facing biodiversity as a standardized, species-level identification tool for taxonomy assessment. Trees play important roles in the conservation of many land ecosystems, the wood trade, and the definition of biogeographical processes; nevertheless, peculiar biological, evolutionary and taxonomical features will probably constitute an intriguing challenge to barcoders. We examined whether four marker regions (trnh-psba, rbcL, rpoc1, matK) proposed by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) matched species taxonomy in a preliminary tree biodiversity survey of Italian forested land. Our objective was to provide a test of future in situ applications of DNA barcodes by evaluating the efficacy of species discrimination under the criteria of uniformity of methods and natural co-occurrence of the species in the main forest ecosystems. Fifty-two species were included in a floristic study. We obtained 73% total discrimination success, with trnH-psbA as the best performing marker and oaks as the least responsive plants to the markers used. A further taxon-based study of Quercus (thirty specimens, 12 species) revealed that this genus is refractory to barcoding (0% discrimination success), a probable consequence of low variation rate at the plastid genome level, hybridization, and the incidence of biogeography. We conclude that some species-rich tree genera in small geographical regions may prove exceptionally difficult to barcode. Until more efficient markers are developed, we recommend that improved and diversified sampling (multiple locations of sympatric and co-occurring congenerics) be embraced as a timely and important goal for the precise assessment of haplotype specificity to facilitate the productive application of barcoding in practice.10aDNA barcoding10aforest trees10aItaly10aQuercus10aregional sampling1 aPiredda, Roberta1 aSimeone, Marco, C.1 aAttimonelli, Marcella1 aBellarosa, Rosanna1 aSchirone, Bartolomeo uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13802475nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260002100223300001200244490000700256520194600263100002702209700002202236700001502258856004402273 2011 eng d00aConservation biogeography of red oaks (Quercus, section Lobatae) in Mexico and Central America0 aConservation biogeography of red oaks iQuercusi section iLobatae cFebruary 1, 2011 a290-3050 v983 a* Premise of the study: Oaks are dominant trees and key species in many temperate and subtropical forests in the world. In this study, we analyzed patterns of distribution of red oaks (Quercus, section Lobatae) occurring in Mexico and Central America to determine areas of species richness and endemism to propose areas of conservation. * Methods: Patterns of richness and endemism of 75 red oak species were analyzed using three different units. Two complementarity algorithms based on species richness and three algorithms based on species rarity were used to identify important areas for conservation. A simulated annealing analysis was performed to evaluate and formulate effective new reserves for red oaks that are useful for conserving the ecosystems associated with them after the systematic conservation planning approach. * Key results: Two main centers of species richness were detected. The northern Sierra Madre Oriental and Serranias Meridionales of Jalisco had the highest values of endemism. Fourteen areas were considered as priorities for conservation of red oak species based on the 26 priority political entities, 11 floristic units and the priority grid-cells obtained in the complementarity analysis. In the present network of Natural Protected Areas in Mexico and Central America, only 41.3% (31 species) of the red oak species are protected. The simulated annealing analysis indicated that to protect all 75 species of red oaks, 12 current natural protected areas need to be expanded by 120000 ha of additional land, and 26 new natural protected areas with 512500 ha need to be created. * Conclusions: Red oaks are a useful model to identify areas for conservation based on species richness and endemism as a result of their wide geographic distribution and a high number of species. We evaluated and reformulated new reserves for red oaks that are also useful for the conservation of ecosystems associated with them.1 aTorres-Miranda, Andres1 aLuna-Vega, Isolda1 aOyama, Ken uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/13902019nas a2200145 4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175260002900244300001000273520150500283100002201788700001901810856004401829 2011 eng d a1756-105100aLeaf shape variation and differentiation in three sympatric white oak species revealed by elliptic Fourier analysis0 aLeaf shape variation and differentiation in three sympatric whit bBlackwell Publishing Ltd ano-no3 aIn this paper, elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs) were used to study leaf shape variability as a “size-free” attribute of three sympatric and inter-fertile white oak species (Quercus frainetto, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens) sampled in a forest located in central Italy. Symmetric and asymmetric leaf components were analysed by multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA), separately, with the result that significant differences between the species were explained by symmetric leaf shape traits, whereas asymmetric components did not distinguish between the oak species. Correlation analyses found that the relationships between geographical location, environmental factors and leaf shape were not significant for the three pure species, while a significant correlation was found for the unclassified trees (putative hybrids), suggesting that leaf shape traits, analysed as a symmetric characteristic and without size effects, are indicative of specific genotypes and can be used to describe and explore morphological patterns, which are themselves indicative of hybridization and introgression in white oak species. Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) appears to be particularly useful for analysing leaf shape variability and discrimination in the subgenus Quercus, providing an important tool for visualizing the shape attributes that characterize this species complex and playing a notable role in the identification and systematics of this plant subgenus.1 aViscosi, Vincenzo1 aFortini, Paola uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/14002025nas a2200325 4500008004100000020001400041245009100055210006900146260002900215300001000244520105400254653002401308653001801332653002101350653002801371653001601399653001901415653003201434653001201466653002101478100002001499700002001519700001701539700001901556700002001575700001901595700001901614700002201633856004401655 2011 eng d a1461-024800aPhytophagy on phylogenetically isolated trees: why hosts should escape their relatives0 aPhytophagy on phylogenetically isolated trees why hosts should e bBlackwell Publishing Ltd ano-no3 aHosts belonging to the same species suffer dramatically different impacts from their natural enemies. This has been explained by host neighbourhood, that is, by surrounding host-species diversity or spatial separation between hosts. However, even spatially neighbouring hosts may be separated by many million years of evolutionary history, potentially reducing the establishment of natural enemies and their impact. We tested whether phylogenetic isolation of oak hosts from neighbouring trees within a forest canopy reduces phytophagy. We found that an increase in phylogenetic isolation by 100 million years corresponded to a 10-fold decline in phytophagy. This was not due to poorer living conditions for phytophages on phylogenetically isolated oaks. Neither species diversity of neighbouring trees nor spatial distance to the closest oak affected phytophagy. We suggest that reduced pressure by natural enemies is a major advantage for individuals within a host species that leave their ancestral niche and grow among distantly related species.10aCommunity phylogeny10aforest canopy10ainsect herbivory10aintraspecific variation10aLepidoptera10amacroevolution10aplant–insect interactions10aQuercus10atemperate forest1 aYguel, Benjamin1 aBailey, Richard1 aTosh, Denise1 aVialatte, Aude1 aVasseur, Chloé1 aVitrac, Xavier1 aJean, Frederic1 aPrinzing, Andreas uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/14101166nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001200235490000700247520054500254653001100799653000900810653002300819653001200842653001100854100001800865700001500883700001800898856004400916 2011 eng d00aCytogenetic studies on Quercus L. (Fagaceae) species belonging to Ilex and Cerris section in Turkey0 aCytogenetic studies on iQuercus iL Fagaceae species belonging to a297-3010 v643 aA detailed karyotype analyses of the five species of Quercus L. (Q. coccifera L., Q. ilex L., Q. aucheriJaub. & Spach, Q. cerris L. and Q. ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepsis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) belonging toIlex and Cerris section were examined. The somatic chromosome number of all studied taxa 2n = 24 was found.The karyotypes of investigated species showed the great similarity with the chromosome length and the positionof centromere. Chromosome number and detailed karyotype of these species were first time counted from Turkey.10acerris10ailex10aKaryotype analyses10aQuercus10aTurkey1 aAykut, Yilmaz1 aUslu, Emel1 aBabaç, Tekin uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/134