01781nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000900217300001200226490000700238520107900245653001901324100002101343700000501364700001601369700001801385700001801403700001701421700001801438700001201456856008301468       2007                        eng d00aMulti-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean0 aMultimarker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant   c2007  a1209-9E0 v563 aNuclear (AFLPs and ITSs) and chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA) were analysed in Quercus suber L., Q. ilex L. and Q. coccifera L. in order to detect vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean Basin populations. Clustering methods, i.e., parsimony, minimum spanning network, UPGMA and PCO, were used to obtain robust phylogenies. The Mantel test was used to check the geographic structure of the populations. Nuclear markers’ based phylogenies showed high bootstrap values at basal nodes of clusters indicative of species. Within species, Q. suber and Q. ilex showed three and two groups respectively with strong geographic structure for cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. In contrast, Q. coccifera had overlapping cpDNA lineages and nuclear markers did not show any group with strong geographic structure. Taxonomic assignation of the species was well-supported by our data. Ongoing allopatric speciation was inferred for Q. suber and Q. ilex derived from Pliocene vicariant events. Quercus coccifera showed a more homogeneous genetic pattern in the Western Mediterranean.10aAFLP phylogeny1 ade Heredia, U.L.1 a1 aCollada, C.1 aSIMEONE, M.C.1 aBELLAROSA, R.1 aSCHIRONE, B.1 aCervera, M.T.1 aGil, L.  uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2007/00000056/00000004/art0001602296nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260000900239300001400248490000700262520159000269100001401859700001701873700001801890700001801908700001901926700001701945700001801962700002001980856007802000       2007                        eng d00aThe distribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean0 adistribution of Quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the  c2007  a5259-52660 v163 aAbstract Combining molecular analyses with geological and palaeontological data may reveal timing and modes for the divergence of lineages within species. The Mediterranean Basin is particularly appropriate for this kind of multidisciplinary studies, because of its complex geological history and biological diversity. Here, we investigated chloroplast DNA of Quercus suber populations in order to detect possible relationships between their geographical distribution and the palaeogeographical history of the western Mediterranean domain. We analysed 110 cork oak populations, covering the whole distribution range of the species, by 14 chloroplast microsatellite markers, among which eight displayed variation among populations. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Results demonstrated that cork oak populations have undergone a genetic drift geographically consistent with the Oligocene and Miocene break-up events of the European-Iberian continental margin and suggested that they have persisted in a number of separate microplates, currently found in Tunisia, Sardinia, Corsica, and Provence, without detectable chloroplast DNA modifications for a time span of over 15 million years. A similar distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA of Pinus pinaster supports the hypothesis of such long-term persistence, in spite of Quaternary climate oscillations and of isolation due to insularity, and suggests that part of the modern geographical structure of Mediterranean populations may be traced back to the Tertiary history of taxa.1 aMAGRI, D.1 aFINESCHI, S.1 aBELLAROSA, R.1 aBUONAMICI, A.1 aSEBASTIANI, F.1 aSCHIRONE, B.1 aSIMEONE, M.C.1 aVendramin, G.G.  uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03587.x