@article {178, title = {Multiple glacial refugia for cool-temperate deciduous trees in northern East Asia: the Mongolian Oak as a case study}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, year = {2015}, pages = {n/a-n/a}, abstract = {

In East Asia, temperate forests are predicted to have retracted southward to c. 30\º N during the last glacial maximum (LGM) based on fossil pollen data, whereas phylogeographic studies have often suggested glacial in situ survival of cool-temperate deciduous trees in their modern northern ranges. Here we report a study of the genetic diversity and structure of 29 natural Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) populations using 19 nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments. Bayesian clustering analysis with nSSRs revealed five groups, which were inferred by approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to have diverged in multiple refugia through multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Analysis of chloroplast DNA variation revealed four lineages that were largely but incompletely geographically disjunct. Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) indicated a southward range shift of the oak\&$\#$39;s distribution at the LGM, although high suitability scores were also evident in the Changbai Mts. (Northeast China), the Korean Peninsula, areas surrounding the Bohai Sea, and along the coast of the Russian Far East. In addition, endemic chloroplast DNA haplotypes and nuclear lineages occurred in high-latitude northern areas where the ENM predicted no suitable habitat. The combined evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA, and the results of the ENM clearly demonstrate that multiple northern refugia, including cryptic ones, were maintained across the current distributional range of the Mongolian oak during the LGM or earlier glacial periods. Though spatially limited, postglacial expansions from these refugia have led to a pattern of decreased genetic diversity with increasing latitude. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {East Asia ecological niche modelling molecular variation northern refugia Quaternary glaciations temperate forest}, author = {Zeng, Yan-Fei and Wang, Wen-Ting and Liao, Wan-Jin and Wang, Hong-Fang and Zhang, Da-Yong} } @article {177, title = {Leaf phenology mediates provenance differences in herbivore populations on valley oaks in a common garden}, journal = {Ecological Entomology}, year = {2015}, pages = {n/a-n/a}, abstract = {

1. Plants from different populations often display a variation in herbivore resistance. However, it is rarely understood what plant traits mediate such differences. 2. It was tested how leaf phenology affects herbivore populations in a 15-year-old common garden of valley oaks (Quercus lobata N\ée) with different populations and maternal parents from throughout the Q. lobata range. 3. The abundance of leaf miners (Stigmella sp. Shrank) and leaf phenology of oaks in the common garden was measured. 4. Leaf miner abundance varied among provenance locations (population), but not among maternal parents within populations. Leaf phenology varied by provenance location and maternal parent, and trees that leafed out earlier accrued higher leaf-miner abundance. Path analysis indicated that leaf phenology was the likely driver of provenance and parental differences in resistance to leaf miners. 5. Understanding population differences is particularly important when considering transport of genotypes for ornamental or restoration purposes. The present study suggests that similarity in leaf phenology may be one factor that could be used to find genotypes with a similar herbivore resistance to local genotypes.

}, keywords = {Folivory leaf mine local adaptation provenance Quercus}, author = {Pearse, Ian S. and Baty, Jill H. and Herrmann, Dustin and Sage, Richard and Koenig, Walter D.} } @article {176, title = {Resilience of plant-insect interactions in an oak lineage through Quaternary climate change}, journal = {Paleobiology}, volume = {41}, year = {2015}, pages = {174-186}, abstract = {

Plant-insect interactions are vital for structuring terrestrial ecosystems. It is still unclear how climate change in geological time might have shaped plant-insect interactions leading to modern ecosystems. We investigated the effect of Quaternary climate change on plant-insect interactions by observing insect herbivory on leaves of an evergreen sclerophyllous oak lineage (Quercus section Heterobalanus, HET) from a late Pliocene flora and eight living forests in southwestern China. Among the modern HET populations investigated, the damage diversity tends to be higher in warmer and wetter climates. Even though the climate of the fossil flora was warmer and wetter than modern sample sites, the damage diversity is lower in the fossil flora than in modern HET populations. Eleven out of 18 damage types in modern HET populations are observed in the fossil flora. All damage types in the fossil flora, except for one distinctive gall type, are found in modern HET populations. These results indicate that Quaternary climate change did not cause extensive extinction of insect herbivores in HET forests. The accumulation of a more diverse herbivore fauna over time supports the view of plant species as evolutionary \“islands\” for colonization and turnover of insect species.

}, author = {Su, Tao and Adams, Jonathan M. and Wappler, Torsten and Huang, Yong-Jiang and Jacques, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric M. B. and Liu, Yu-Sheng and Zhou, Zhe-Kun} } @article {175, title = {Variation in morphological traits in a recent hybrid zone between closely related Quercus liaotungensis and Q. mongolica (Fagaceae)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Ecology}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, pages = {224-229}, abstract = {

Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related species in hybrid zones, associated with complex patterns of morphological variation. Nevertheless, previous studies have tended to ignore the effects of geographic variation in hybridization rates on species taxonomy. This study aims to investigate the variation of morphological traits between two sympatric and taxonomically confused oak species, Quercus liaotungensis and Q. mongolica, and reveal the effects of hybridization rates on morphological traits and the taxonomic boundary.Methods We used seven microsatellite loci to evaluate species status and measured 15 morphological traits in 26 trees in the recent hybrid zone between Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica, and we characterized the differences between the two oak species and their hybrids for the investigated traits.Important Findings Molecular analyses indicated that 74\% of 78 sampled maternal trees were hybrids between Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica although the observed morphological variation suggested that they had remained distinct species. Across all of the differentiated leaf and reproductive traits, the hybrids expressed patterns similar to Q. liaotungensis, which may suggest dominant expression of parental characters. These results are consistent with our expectation that hybrids will be difficult to distinguish from parental species in a recent hybrid zone.

}, author = {Wei, Lai and Li, Yue-Fei and Zhang, Han and Liao, Wan-Jin} } @article {174, title = {Single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and validation in high density SNP array for genetic analysis in European white oaks}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, year = {2015}, pages = {n/a-n/a}, abstract = {

An Illumina Infinium SNP genotyping array was constructed for European white oaks. Six individuals of Quercus petraea and Q. robur were considered for SNP discovery using both previously obtained Sanger sequences across 676 gene regions (1371 in vitro SNPs) and Roche 454 technology sequences from 5,112 contigs (6,542 putative in silico SNPs). The 7,913 SNPs were genotyped across the six parental individuals, full-sib progenies (one within each species and two interspecific crosses between Q. petraea and Q. robur), and three natural populations from south-western France that included two additional interfertile white oak species (Q. pubescens and Q. pyrenaica). The genotyping success rate in mapping populations was 80.4\% overall and 72.4\% for polymorphic SNPs. In natural populations, these figures were lower (54.8\% and 51.9\%, respectively). Illumina genotype clusters with compression (shift of clusters on the normalised X-axis) were detected in \ 25\% of the successfully genotyped SNPs, and may be due to the presence of paralogues. Compressed clusters were significantly more frequent for SNPs showing a priori incorrect Illumina genotypes, suggesting that they should be considered with caution or discarded. Altogether, these results show a high experimental error rate for the Infinium array (between 15\% to 20\% of SNPs potentially unreliable, and 10\% when excluding all compressed clusters), and recommendations are proposed when applying this type of high-throughput technique. Finally, results on diversity levels and shared polymorphisms across targeted white oaks and more distant species of the Quercus genus are discussed, and perspectives for future comparative studies are proposed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

}, author = {Lepoittevin, C. and Bodenes, C. and Chancerel, E. and Villate, L. and Lang, T. and Lesur, I. and Boury, C. and Ehrenmann, F. and Zelenica, D. and Boland, A. and Besse, C. and Garnier-G{\'E}R{\'E}, P. and Plomion, C. and Kremer, A.} } @article {173, title = {A new positive relationship between pCO2 and stomatal frequency in Quercus guyavifolia (Fagaceae): a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {115}, year = {2015}, pages = {777-788}, abstract = {

Background and Aims The inverse relationship between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many species of plants has been widely used to estimate palaeoatmospheric CO2 (palaeo-CO2) levels; however, the results obtained have been quite variable. This study attempts to find a potential new proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels by analysing stomatal frequency in Quercus guyavifolia (Q. guajavifolia, Fagaceae), an extant dominant species of sclerophyllous forests in the Himalayas with abundant fossil relatives.Methods Stomatal frequency was analysed for extant samples of Q. guyavifolia collected from17 field sites at altitudes ranging between 2493 and 4497\ m. Herbarium specimens collected between 1926 and 2011 were also examined. Correlations of pCO2\–stomatal frequency were determined using samples from both sources, and these were then applied to Q. preguyavaefolia fossils in order to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations for two late-Pliocene floras in south-western China.Key Results In contrast to the negative correlations detected for most other species that have been studied, a positive correlation between pCO2 and stomatal frequency was determined in Q. guyavifolia sampled from both extant field collections and historical herbarium specimens. Palaeo-CO2 concentrations were estimated to be approx. 180\–240\ ppm in the late Pliocene, which is consistent with most other previous estimates.Conclusions A new positive relationship between pCO2 and stomatal frequency in Q. guyavifolia is presented, which can be applied to the fossils closely related to this species that are widely distributed in the late-Cenozoic strata in order to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations. The results show that it is valid to use a positive relationship to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations, and the study adds to the variety of stomatal density/index relationships that available for estimating pCO2. The physiological mechanisms underlying this positive response are unclear, however, and require further research.

}, author = {Hu, Jin-Jin and Xing, Yao-Wu and Turkington, Roy and Jacques, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric M. B. and Su, Tao and Huang, Yong-Jiang and Zhou, Zhe-Kun} }