@article {118,
	title = {A preliminary numerical analysis of the red oak complex in Michigan and Wisconsin USA},
	journal = {Taxon},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1977},
	note = {197865044113Taxa studied: Q. palustris {\textendash} 2 individuals, MI Q. coccinea {\textendash} 4 individuals, OH Q. velutina {\textendash} 4 ind{\textquoteright}ls, MI, WI, IA Q. ellipsoidalis {\textendash} 5 individuals, MI, WI IL (the latter being the syntype from Miami OH herbarium) Q. rubra {\textendash} 7 ind{\textquoteright}ls, MI, WI Putative hybrids: 18 (5 WI, 13 MI) Methods 20 morphological characters chosen based on their utitlity for distinguishing taxa 2nd dataset of 18 ratios derived from the above 1. Datasets used to produce a cha4racter-by-character correlation matrix, subject to PCA. OTUs then projected onto principal components. 2. Directed minimum spanning graph superimposed over points. Results 1. Q. rubra and Q. coccinea form the most distinct clusters 2. Q. palustris (2 OTUs) forms a tight cluster, but oddly, the nearest neighbor of each is a Q. rubra (in the raw dataset) 3. Hybrids in the raw dataset are centrally located among the species clusters, mostly closest to Q. ellipsoidalis, Q. velutina, and Q. palustris. In the transformed data, all putative hybrids fall between the Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. velutina clusters.},
	month = {1977},
	pages = {399-407},
	abstract = {Individuals representing 5 taxa [Quercus coccinea, Q. ellipsoidalis, Q. palustris, Q. rubra and Q. velutina] and numerous unidentified OTU [operational taxonomic unit] of red oaks native to the western Great Lakes region of the USA were examined through principal components analysis. Two data sets, 1 consisting of 20 untransformed characters and 1 in which various characters were redefined as ratios, were employed for comparative analysis. Although minor differences are noted, the 2 data sets provide essentially the same view of the relationships between the included OTU. The 5 taxa appear to form more or less discrete groups with the unidentified OTU occupying positions of intermediacy. The results support previous conclusions that extensive hybridization occurs among the red oaks of this geographic region.},
	keywords = {-HYBRIDIZATION, -QUERCUS-VELUTINA-OPERATIONAL-TAXONOMIC-UNIT-PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS, -Taxonomy, [26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies, Computational-Biology, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, Genetics-, Mathematical-Biology:, Plantae-, Plants-, Population-Genetics: Population-Studies, QUERCUS-COCCINEA-QUERCUS-ELLIPSOIDALIS-QUERCUS-PALUSTRIS-QUERCUS-RUBRA, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Systematics-and, Vascular-Plants},
	author = {Jensen, R.J.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {A study of the relationship between Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) and Hill Oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill) in Michigan and nearby states},
	journal = {Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1977},
	month = {1977},
	pages = {47-50},
	abstract = {... The evidence indicates a continuum of character change between the two species from south to north. Data from the common gardens studies appear to support a genetic continuum from south to north. Hill Oak is considered as a northern small-fruited expression of Scarlet Oak.},
	author = {Overlease, W.R.}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Numerical analysis of the scarlet oak complex (Quercus subgen. Erythrobalanus) in the eastern United states: relationships above the species level},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1977},
	month = {1977},
	pages = {122-133},
	author = {Jensen, R.J.}
}
