@article {45,
	title = {Gene flow and fine-scale genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree species Quercus lobata (Fagaceaee)},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2005},
	note = {200500182047ArticleEnglish},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {252-261},
	abstract = {California Valley oak (Quercus lobata), one of the state{\textquoteright}s most distinctive oak species, has experienced serious demographic attrition since the 19th century, due to human activities. Recent estimates of pollen dispersal suggest a small reproductive neighborhood. Whether small neighborhood size is a recent phenomenon, a consequence of reduced gene flow caused by demographic changes, or whether it has been historically restricted, remains unclear. To examine this question, we have characterized the spatial genetic structure of N = 191 Q. lobata individuals, spread over an area of 230 ha, using eight microsatellite loci. The observed autocorrelogram suggests an historical standard deviation of gene flow distance of about 350 m per generation, higher than contemporary pollen dispersal estimates. To determine whether our estimates were affected by strong prevailing winds from the west-northwest, we developed and utilized a novel anisotropic autocorrelation analysis. We detected no more than a hint of anisotropy, and we concluded that adult spatial structure is indicative of strong historical signature of "isolation by distance." This historical estimate provides a useful reference value against which to gauge the future gene flow consequences of ongoing anthropogenic disturbance.},
	keywords = {-Molecular-Biophysics, [26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, anisotropy-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies, California-: USA-, demographic-attrition, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, gene-flow, microsatellite-loci, Molecular-Genetics: Biochemistry-and, Nearctic-region, North-America, Plantae-, Plants-, pollen-: reproductive-system, Quercus-lobata (Fagaceae-): species-, Reproductive-System: Reproduction-, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Vascular-Plants, wind-pollination},
	author = {Dutech, C. and Sork, V.L. and Irwin, A.J. and Smouse, P.E. and Davis, F.W.}
}
@article {146,
	title = {Gene flow and hybridisation in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain},
	journal = {Heredity},
	volume = {95},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {457-465},
	abstract = {Oaks are long-standing models for the study of gene flow and hybridisation. Temperate (Quercus petraea) and sub-Mediterranean (Quercus pyrenaica) oaks coexist in central Spain, showing remarkable differences in population size and structure. Q. petraea has a scattered distribution in central Spain, where it is at one of the southernmost limits of its range, and forms low-density stands; in contrast, Q. pyrenaica is widespread in the region. We selected a mixed population of the two species (approx13 ha, 176 adults and 96 saplings) to compare the patterns of gene flow within each species and the extent of introgression between them. Using five nuclear microsatellite markers, we performed a parentage analysis and found considerable immigration from outside the stand (approx38\% for Q. petraea and approx34\% for Q. pyrenaica), and estimated average seed-dispersal distances of 42 and 14 m for Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica, respectively. Introgression between species was also estimated using our microsatellite battery. First, we developed a multivariate discriminant approach and, second, we compared our results with a widely used clustering method (STRUCTURE). Both analyses were consistent with a low level of introgression between Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Indeed, only 15 adult trees, approx8.5\%, were identified as putative hybrids when both methods of analysis were combined. Hybrids may be most common in contact zones due merely to physical proximity.},
	keywords = {gene flow, genetic differentiation, hybrid zones, introgression, microsatellites, Quercus},
	author = {Valbuena-Carabana, M. and Gonzalez-Martinez, S. C. and Sork, V.L. and Collada, C. and SOTO, A. and Goicoechea, P.G. and Gil, L.}
}
@article {80,
	title = {Relative contribution of contemporary pollen and seed dispersal to the effective parental size of seedling population of California valley oak (Quercus lobata N)},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {3967-3979},
	abstract = {For plant populations, gene movement through pollen and seed dispersal governs the size of local genetic neighbourhoods and shapes the opportunities for natural selection and genetic drift. A critical question is how together these two processes influence the evolutionary dynamics of local populations. To assess the respective contributions of pollen and seed flow, we propose a novel indirect assessment of the separate male and female gametic contributions to total effective parental size (Ne), based on parental correlations estimated via kinship coefficients, that can be applied to data sets that include unambiguous genotypes for male and female gametic contributions. Using the endemic Californian valley oak (Quercus lobata) as our study species, we apply this method to a set of microsatellite genotypes for two distinct ecological sets of naturally recruiting seedlings with acorns attached. We found that the effective numbers of contributing male parents (Nep) exceed effective numbers of female parents (Nem) for seedlings established beneath adult trees (Nep},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04326.x},
	author = {GRIVET, D. and Robledo-Arnuncio, J.J. and Smouse, P.E. and Sork, V.L.}
}
@article {71,
	title = {Conserving the evolutionary potential of California valley oak (Quercus lobata N},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {139-156},
	abstract = {Abstract California valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee) is a seriously threatened endemic oak species in California and a keystone species for foothill oak ecosystems. Urban and agricultural development affects a significant fraction of the species{\textquoteright} range and predicted climate change is likely to dislocate many current populations. Here, we explore spatial patterns of multivariate genotypes and genetic diversity throughout the range of valley oak to determine whether ongoing and future patterns of habitat loss could threaten the evolutionary potential of the species by eradicating populations of distinctive genetic composition. This manuscript will address three specific questions: (i) What is the spatial genetic structure of the chloroplast and nuclear genetic markers? (ii) What are the geographical trends in the distribution of chloroplast and nuclear genotypes? (iii) Is there any part of the species{\textquoteright} range where allelic diversity in either the chloroplast or nuclear genomes is particularly high? We analysed six chloroplast and seven nuclear microsatellite genetic markers of individuals widespread across the valley oak range. We then used a multivariate approach correlating genetic markers and geographical variables through a canonical trend surface analysis, followed by GIS mapping of the significant axes. We visualized population allelic richness spatially with GIS tools to identify regions of high diversity. Our findings, based on the distribution of multivariate genotypes and allelic richness, identify areas with distinctive histories and genetic composition that should be given priority in reserve network design, especially because these areas also overlap with landscape change and little degree of protection. Thus, without a careful preservation plan, valuable evolutionary information will be lost for valley oak.},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03498.x},
	author = {GRIVET, D. and Sork, V.L. and WESTFALL, R.D. and Davis, F.W.}
}
