@article {38,
	title = {Chloroplast DNA variation of Quercus rubra L. in North America and comparison with other Fagaceae},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {513-524},
	abstract = {Abstract Quercus rubra is one of the most important timber and ornamental tree species from eastern North America. It is a widespread species growing under variable ecological conditions. Chloroplast DNA variation was studied by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) in 290 individuals from 66 populations sampled throughout the natural range. A total of 12 haplotypes were detected, with one found in 75\% of the trees. Population differentiation is relatively low (GST = 0.46), even when similarities between haplotypes are taken into account (NST = 0.50), pointing to a weak phylogeographical structure. Furthermore, no spatial structure of genetic diversity could be detected. The genetic differentiation increased northwards, reflecting the postglacial history of Q. rubra. The unusual aspect of this study was the low level of chloroplast DNA genetic differentiation in Q. rubra compared to that typically observed in other oak species. Palynological evidence indicates that during the last glacial maximum, Q. rubra had one major distribution range with populations located relatively far to the north, resulting in only modest movement northwards when climate improved, whereas European white oaks were largely restricted to the southern European peninsulas and experienced extensive movements during the postglacial period. The contrasted geographical features and levels of tree species richness of both continents might further explain why congeneric species sharing similar life history traits have genetic structures that are so different.},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02400.x/abs},
	author = {Magni, C.R. and Ducousso, A. and Caron, H. and Petit, R.J. and Kremer, A.}
}
@article {44,
	title = {Evidence for shared ancestral polymorphism rather than recurrent gene flow at microsatellite loci differentiating two hybridizing oaks (Quercus spp.)},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {549-561},
	abstract = {Abstract Quercus petraea and Quercus robur are two closely related oak species, considered to hybridize. Genetic markers, however, indicate that despite sharing most alleles, the two species remain separate genetic units. Analysis of 20 microsatellite loci in multiple populations from both species suggested a genome-wide differentiation. Thus, the allele sharing between both species could be explained either by low rates of gene flow or shared ancestral variation. We performed further analyses of population differentiation in a biogeographical setting and an admixture analysis in mixed oak stands to distinguish between both hypotheses. Based on our results we propose that the low genetic differentiation among these species results from shared ancestry rather than high rates of gene flow.},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02418.x/abs},
	author = {Muir, G. and Schl}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Gene flow and fine-scale genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree species Quercus lobata (Fagaceaee)},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2005},
	note = {200500182047ArticleEnglish},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {252-261},
	abstract = {California Valley oak (Quercus lobata), one of the state{\textquoteright}s most distinctive oak species, has experienced serious demographic attrition since the 19th century, due to human activities. Recent estimates of pollen dispersal suggest a small reproductive neighborhood. Whether small neighborhood size is a recent phenomenon, a consequence of reduced gene flow caused by demographic changes, or whether it has been historically restricted, remains unclear. To examine this question, we have characterized the spatial genetic structure of N = 191 Q. lobata individuals, spread over an area of 230 ha, using eight microsatellite loci. The observed autocorrelogram suggests an historical standard deviation of gene flow distance of about 350 m per generation, higher than contemporary pollen dispersal estimates. To determine whether our estimates were affected by strong prevailing winds from the west-northwest, we developed and utilized a novel anisotropic autocorrelation analysis. We detected no more than a hint of anisotropy, and we concluded that adult spatial structure is indicative of strong historical signature of "isolation by distance." This historical estimate provides a useful reference value against which to gauge the future gene flow consequences of ongoing anthropogenic disturbance.},
	keywords = {-Molecular-Biophysics, [26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, anisotropy-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies, California-: USA-, demographic-attrition, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, gene-flow, microsatellite-loci, Molecular-Genetics: Biochemistry-and, Nearctic-region, North-America, Plantae-, Plants-, pollen-: reproductive-system, Quercus-lobata (Fagaceae-): species-, Reproductive-System: Reproduction-, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Vascular-Plants, wind-pollination},
	author = {Dutech, C. and Sork, V.L. and Irwin, A.J. and Smouse, P.E. and Davis, F.W.}
}
@article {75,
	title = {Species Distinction in Irish Populations of Quercus petraea and Q. robur: Morphological versus Molecular Analyses},
	journal = {Annals of Botany (London)},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1237-1246},
	author = {Kelleher, C.T. and Hodkinson, T. and Douglas, G. and Kelly, D.}
}
@article {76,
	title = {Species status, hybridisation and geographic distribution of Irish populations of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Q. robur L},
	journal = {Watsonia},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {83-97},
	author = {Kelleher, C.T. and Kelly, D. and Hodkinson, T.}
}
@article {86,
	title = {Utility of ITS sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction of Italian Quercus spp},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2005},
	note = {doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.014},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {355 - 370},
	abstract = {Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences encoding the 5.8S RNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were used to test the phylogenetic relationships within 12 Italian Quercus taxa (Fagaceae). Hypotheses of sequence orthology are tested by detailed inspection of some basic features of oak ITS sequences (i.e., general patterns of conserved domains, thermodynamic stability and predicted conformation of the secondary structure of transcripts) that also allowed more accurate sequence alignment. Analysis of ITS variation supported three monophyletic groups, corresponding to subg. Cerris, Schlerophyllodrys (=Ilex group sensu Nixon) and Quercus, as proposed by Schwarz [Feddes Rep., Sonderbeih. D, 1-200]. A derivation of the},
	author = {BELLAROSA, R. and Simeone, M. and Papini, A. and SCHIRONE, B.}
}
@article {146,
	title = {Gene flow and hybridisation in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain},
	journal = {Heredity},
	volume = {95},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {457-465},
	abstract = {Oaks are long-standing models for the study of gene flow and hybridisation. Temperate (Quercus petraea) and sub-Mediterranean (Quercus pyrenaica) oaks coexist in central Spain, showing remarkable differences in population size and structure. Q. petraea has a scattered distribution in central Spain, where it is at one of the southernmost limits of its range, and forms low-density stands; in contrast, Q. pyrenaica is widespread in the region. We selected a mixed population of the two species (approx13 ha, 176 adults and 96 saplings) to compare the patterns of gene flow within each species and the extent of introgression between them. Using five nuclear microsatellite markers, we performed a parentage analysis and found considerable immigration from outside the stand (approx38\% for Q. petraea and approx34\% for Q. pyrenaica), and estimated average seed-dispersal distances of 42 and 14 m for Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica, respectively. Introgression between species was also estimated using our microsatellite battery. First, we developed a multivariate discriminant approach and, second, we compared our results with a widely used clustering method (STRUCTURE). Both analyses were consistent with a low level of introgression between Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Indeed, only 15 adult trees, approx8.5\%, were identified as putative hybrids when both methods of analysis were combined. Hybrids may be most common in contact zones due merely to physical proximity.},
	keywords = {gene flow, genetic differentiation, hybrid zones, introgression, microsatellites, Quercus},
	author = {Valbuena-Carabana, M. and Gonzalez-Martinez, S. C. and Sork, V.L. and Collada, C. and SOTO, A. and Goicoechea, P.G. and Gil, L.}
}
