@article {53,
	title = {Hills oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) in southern Ontario, Canada},
	journal = {Canadian Field-Naturalist},
	volume = {95},
	year = {1981},
	note = {198273029824Early reports, botanical history of the species in Canada1st report of Q. ellipsoidalis from Canada (Mitchell, 1912, Pt. Edward, Sarnia, Lambton Co, Ontario) could not be verified {\textendash} colllections were as easily assignable to either Q. velutina or Q. ellipsoidalis (DAO collection) or obviously Q. velutina, but apparently not from the original tree (Dodge and Tripp, 1959, MICH). Ball noted a 1957 collection by Tamalu from just W of Galt, first det by Tamsalu as Q. coccinea, then redet as Q. velutina (notes that Fox and Soper 1954 concluded "Q. coccinea" of Southern Ontario should all be refered to other species, primarily Q. palustris and Q. velutina). 1978 fieldwork uncovered similar trees throughout N. Dumfries Twp in Regional Municipality of Waterloo, and in Brant Co, northern part of S. Dumfries Twp. Hill{\textquoteright}s oak distinctness and identity Ball summarizes Jensen 1977 publications demonstrating that Q. rubra, Q. palustris, Q. shumardii, Q. nuttallii, Q. coccinea, Q. ellipsoidalis, and Q. velutina "are all reasonably distinct species." The first four spp were distinct from the Waterloo, Brant specimens, but the latter three "cannot be so readily distinguished." "Quercus ellipsoidalis has no unique characters, but it can be readily identified by a combination of characters, particularly the slender petiole; small, glabrous or sparsely pubescent terminal buds; and the small, turbinate, unfringed acorn cup." NOTE: Ontario Q. ellipsoidalis is reported as being sparsely pubescent all over on the inner face of hte acorn cap; Jensen says it is altogether glabrous. Ecology Almost all stations are in old fencerows or hedgerows, sometimes in forest edges, never in forest interior. Some close to ponds or small lakes. Soil almost always has high sand content {\textendash} trees often growing with prairie plants such as Andropogon gerardii, Schizachyrium scoparium, Sorghastrum nutans, Lespedeza capitata. at the time of settlement, Dumfries Twp was mostly dry grassland with open-grown oaks and frequent fire.},
	month = {1981},
	pages = {281-286},
	abstract = {Hills oak (Q. ellipsoidalis) is reported from several localities in southern Ontario near Galt and Brantford. This represents an eastward extension of the range of the species of > 200 km. In most localities in this area the trees occur in fence rows and hedgerows, and with the increasing urbanization and road widening that is occurring, many are in jeopardy. The distinction between Q. ellipsoidalis, Q. coccinea (scarlet oak) and Q. velutina (black oak) was made from leaf, bud and acorn characteristics.},
	keywords = {[26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Ecology-: Environmental-Sciences, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, Morphology-, Plantae-, Plants-, QUERCUS-COCCINEA-QUERCUS-VELUTINA-MORPHOLOGY-RANGE-EXTENSION-HABITAT, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy, Vascular-Plants},
	author = {Ball, P.W.}
}
@article {52,
	title = {Vegetative characters, population variation, and the hybrid origin of Quercus ellipsoidalis},
	journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
	volume = {111},
	year = {1984},
	note = {198478050210Intro Starts with the common supposition that veg. chars are not good for ID{\textquoteright}g spp, but notes that many have recognized lf shape as being useful for ID{\textquoteright}g oak spp even if it is suspect. Jensen, to deal with variability within ind{\textquoteright}ls, has in previous studies relied on (1) foliage exposed to full sunlight and (2) intraindividual averages. Few studies have examined intraindividual patterns of variation. Questions driving the study: Can variation in lf morphology distinguish (1) ind{\textquoteright}ls within a population, (2) taxa within a community, and (3) hybrids from pure individuals. ALSO, (4) is Q. ellipsoidalis a taxon of hybrid origin Methods MLDA (multiple linear discriminant analysis) on 9 lf variables. MLDA differentiates groups by comparing within and among group variances. If w/in tree variation < among-tree variation, then linear discriminant functions should be useful in recognizing trees. Findings 1. Lvs are correctly assigned to their respective trees > 75\% of the time for 18 of 19 populations (N = 7{\textendash}21 trees / pop{\textquoteright}n) 2. Hybridization lowers correct classification rate, b/c hybridization increases within-tree variance. 3. The poorest class{\textquoteright}n rate (45.8\% success) represents type specimens of Q. ellipsoidalis collected by E.J. Hill and Agnes Chase {\textendash} Jensen{\textquoteright}s population 19. My concern (10-26-2006) Looking at Jensen{\textquoteright}s lectotypification article (Jensen 1979), it appears that he analyzed 12 sheets representing 3 trees: 10 sheets of Hill 176, 1895 (collected in different years); 1 sheet of Hill 95, 1896; and 1 sheet of Hill 96, 1896. If so, is the poor classfication rate due to the fact that the within group and among group variances are nearly the same?},
	month = {1984},
	pages = {364-370},
	abstract = {Vegetative characters have been considered unreliable for distinguishing oak taxa. Results of a series of multiple linear discriminant analyses of collections containing 1 or more oak taxa are presented. Leaf characters not only can separate the various taxa, but in the absence of hybridization, each tree in each collection may be recognized as a distinct multivariate entity. Comparison of an analysis of the type materials of Q. ellipsoidalis with the results of other analyses supports the hypothesis that the type population of this species was a hybrid swarm.},
	keywords = {-Genetics: Population-Studies, [26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Ecology-: Environmental-Sciences, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, Genetics-, Morphology-, Plantae-, Plants-, Population, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, STATISTICS-LEAF/, Vascular-Plants},
	author = {Jensen, R.J. and Depiero, R. and Smith, B.K.}
}
