@article {145,
	title = {Stabilizing selection for within-season flowering phenology confirms pollen limitation in a wind-pollinated tree},
	journal = {Journal of EcologyJournal of Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {758-763},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {1. We examined the fitness consequences of pollen limitation in the valley oak (Quercus lobata N{\'e}e, Fagaceae), a wind-pollinated, predominantly outcrossing tree endemic to California, by examining the relationship between within-year phenology and acorn production over an 8~year period. 2. We predicted that pollen limitation should result in trees flowering relatively early and late in the season, when fewer trees are in flower, to experience reduced reproductive success compared to trees flowering during the middle of the season. 3. Despite considerable variation in acorn production from year to year, analyses confirmed this prediction and indicated that there was significant overall stabilizing selection on budburst date consistent with the pollen limitation hypothesis. 4. Analyses including herbivory and pre-budburst temperatures at individual trees revealed significant correlations with acorn production, but we still found significant stabilizing selection on budburst date even when considering these variables. 5.Synthesis.  Pollen limitation, as indicated by stabilizing selection on within-year flowering phenology, significantly affects acorn production by individual trees in Q.~lobata and has the potential to influence other key life-history features including masting behaviour and spatial synchrony.},
	keywords = {acorn production, herbivory, mast-fruiting, phenology, pollen limitation, Quercus lobata, reproductive ecology, wind-pollination},
	isbn = {1365-2745},
	author = {Koenig, Walter D. and Funk, Kyle A. and Kraft, Thomas S. and Carmen, William J. and Barringer, Brian C. and Knops, Johannes M. H.}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Gene flow and fine-scale genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree species Quercus lobata (Fagaceaee)},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2005},
	note = {200500182047ArticleEnglish},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {252-261},
	abstract = {California Valley oak (Quercus lobata), one of the state{\textquoteright}s most distinctive oak species, has experienced serious demographic attrition since the 19th century, due to human activities. Recent estimates of pollen dispersal suggest a small reproductive neighborhood. Whether small neighborhood size is a recent phenomenon, a consequence of reduced gene flow caused by demographic changes, or whether it has been historically restricted, remains unclear. To examine this question, we have characterized the spatial genetic structure of N = 191 Q. lobata individuals, spread over an area of 230 ha, using eight microsatellite loci. The observed autocorrelogram suggests an historical standard deviation of gene flow distance of about 350 m per generation, higher than contemporary pollen dispersal estimates. To determine whether our estimates were affected by strong prevailing winds from the west-northwest, we developed and utilized a novel anisotropic autocorrelation analysis. We detected no more than a hint of anisotropy, and we concluded that adult spatial structure is indicative of strong historical signature of "isolation by distance." This historical estimate provides a useful reference value against which to gauge the future gene flow consequences of ongoing anthropogenic disturbance.},
	keywords = {-Molecular-Biophysics, [26070-] Fagaceae-, Angiospermae-, anisotropy-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies, California-: USA-, demographic-attrition, Dicots-, Dicotyledones-, Fagaceae-: Angiosperms-, gene-flow, microsatellite-loci, Molecular-Genetics: Biochemistry-and, Nearctic-region, North-America, Plantae-, Plants-, pollen-: reproductive-system, Quercus-lobata (Fagaceae-): species-, Reproductive-System: Reproduction-, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Vascular-Plants, wind-pollination},
	author = {Dutech, C. and Sork, V.L. and Irwin, A.J. and Smouse, P.E. and Davis, F.W.}
}
