02458nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245016200055210006900217300001200286520170600298653001102004653001202015653000902027653001402036653002202050100002302072700002102095700002002116700002302136700002502159856004402184       2013                        eng d  a1095-833900aApplication of plastid and nuclear markers to DNA barcoding of Euro-Mediterranean oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae): problems, prospects and phylogenetic implications0 aApplication of plastid and nuclear markers to DNA barcoding of E  an/a-n/a3 aDNA barcoding, a species identification system based on sequences from a short, standardized DNA region, has emerged recently as a new tool for taxonomists. We investigated the discriminatory power of a subset of highly variable proposed plant barcoding loci (matK, trnH-psbA, ITS2) in Quercus, a taxonomically complex tree genus of global importance. The research included all currently recognized species and some major variants of the Mediterranean region and Europe (32 taxa) and 17 East Asian and North American species used for comparison. Based on sequence character state, we assigned unique plastid haplotypes to 40.8% of the investigated species; ITS2 increased the resolution up to 87.8% of total taxa. Nevertheless, unsuccessful genetic distance-based discrimination questioned the potential efficiency of correct species identification for future studies. Most species appeared to be nonmonophyletic in parallel phylogenetic tests. Three subgeneric groups were outlined, with different rates of within-group variability and geographical differentiation. Members of one of these groups (corresponding to the Eurasian Group Ilex) were paraphyletic to Group Quercus from the New and Old World and the Eurasian Group Cerris. The data gathered indicate that barcoding markers may help to identify closely related species clusters and contribute to the inference of major diversification and evolutionary patterns in oaks, but the methodology per se appears to be of limited efficacy in defining species limits, unless we make a profound revision of traditional Quercus taxonomic categories. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 00, 000–000.10acerris10aecology10ailex10aphylogeny10aregional sampling1 aSimeone, Marco, C.1 aPiredda, Roberta1 aPapini, Alessio1 aVessella, Federico1 aSchirone, Bartolomeo  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/15702668nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245011700055210006900172260002900241300001000270490000700280520188600287653001802173653001702191653001002208653001202218653002202230100002102252700002302273700002602296700002302322700002502345856004402370       2011                        eng d  a1755-099800aProspects of barcoding the Italian wild dendroflora: oaks reveal severe limitations to tracking species identity0 aProspects of barcoding the Italian wild dendroflora oaks reveal   bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a72-830 v113 aDNA barcoding may be particularly important in influencing ecology, economic issues, and the fundamental crisis facing biodiversity as a standardized, species-level identification tool for taxonomy assessment. Trees play important roles in the conservation of many land ecosystems, the wood trade, and the definition of biogeographical processes; nevertheless, peculiar biological, evolutionary and taxonomical features will probably constitute an intriguing challenge to barcoders. We examined whether four marker regions (trnh-psba, rbcL, rpoc1, matK) proposed by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) matched species taxonomy in a preliminary tree biodiversity survey of Italian forested land. Our objective was to provide a test of future in situ applications of DNA barcodes by evaluating the efficacy of species discrimination under the criteria of uniformity of methods and natural co-occurrence of the species in the main forest ecosystems. Fifty-two species were included in a floristic study. We obtained 73% total discrimination success, with trnH-psbA as the best performing marker and oaks as the least responsive plants to the markers used. A further taxon-based study of Quercus (thirty specimens, 12 species) revealed that this genus is refractory to barcoding (0% discrimination success), a probable consequence of low variation rate at the plastid genome level, hybridization, and the incidence of biogeography. We conclude that some species-rich tree genera in small geographical regions may prove exceptionally difficult to barcode. Until more efficient markers are developed, we recommend that improved and diversified sampling (multiple locations of sympatric and co-occurring congenerics) be embraced as a timely and important goal for the precise assessment of haplotype specificity to facilitate the productive application of barcoding in practice.10aDNA barcoding10aforest trees10aItaly10aQuercus10aregional sampling1 aPiredda, Roberta1 aSimeone, Marco, C.1 aAttimonelli, Marcella1 aBellarosa, Rosanna1 aSchirone, Bartolomeo  uhttps://quercus.myspecies.info/node/138